IS-A Relationship :-
The term it self indicates that "Tight Coupling" of two things.In java Sub class is a part of super class.This IS-A relationship is achieved through Inheritance,Interface concept.

IS-A is a way of saying, "this thing is a type of that thing." For example, a Mustang is a type of horse, so in O O terms we can say, "Mustang IS-A Horse." Subaru IS-A Car. Broccoli IS-A Vegetable (not a very fun one, but it still counts). You express the IS-A relationship in Java through the keyword.

Example :consider following code

public class Parent

{

public void display() //method in super class

{

System.out.println("Display from parent");

}

}//super class

public class Child extends Parent

{

public void childDisplay() //display method in child class

{

System.out.println("Display from child");

}

}//child class

class Demo //it contains the main method

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Child ch1=new Child();

Demo d=new Demo();

d.doDisplay(ch1);

}

public void doDisplay(Parent p)

{

p.display();

}

}//demo class

output:

 Display From Parent                        

                                   
"Child Extends Parent means Child IS-A Parent"

Consider another example:

Imagine we now have two specialized subclasses that extend the more generic GameShape class, PlayerPiece and TilePiece:

class GameShape {

public void displayShape() {

System.out.println("displaying shape");

}

// more code

}

class PlayerPiece extends GameShape {

public void movePiece() {

System.out.println("moving game piece");

}

// more code

}

class TilePiece extends GameShape {

public void getAdjacent() {

System.out.println("getting adjacent tiles");

}

// more code

}

Now imagine a test class has a method with a declared argument type of GameShape, that means it can take any kind of GameShape. In other words,any subclass of GameShape can be passed to a method with an argument of type

GameShape. This code

public class TestShapes {

public static void main (String[] args) {

PlayerPiece player = new PlayerPiece();

TilePiece tile = new TilePiece();

doShapes(player);

doShapes(tile);

}

public static void doShapes(GameShape shape) {

shape.displayShape();

}

}

Outputs:

displaying shape

displaying shape

The key point is that the doShapes() method is declared with a GameShape argument but can be passed any subtype (in this example, a subclass) of GameShape.The method can then invoke any method of GameShape, without any concern for the actual runtime class type of the object passed to the method. There are implications, though. The doShapes() method knows only that the objects are a type of GameShape, since that's how the parameter is declared. And using a reference variable declared as type GameShape—regardless of whether the variable is a method parameter, local variable, or instance variable—means that only the methods of GameShape can be invoked on it. The methods you can call on a reference are totally dependent on the declared type of the variable, no matter what

the actual object is, that the reference is referring to. That means you can't use a GameShape variable to call, say, the getAdjacent() method even if the object passed in is of type TilePiece.